Archive for the ‘Beer Education’ Category

Is Your State Restricting Your Beer?

Tuesday, March 9th, 2010

Two weeks ago the Alabama Senate passed a bill legalizing the homebrewing of beer and wine. If the bill, which is now being considered by the Alabama House, goes into law, Alabama will become one of the last states in the US to legalize homebrewing. Although homebrewing is legal under federal law there a few states which still ban the hobby. Unfortunately, these aren’t the only restrictive beer laws on the books in many US states.  This includes not just what you can make at home, but what you can buy form the store, such as how strong beer can be. Here’s a quick rundown of some of these prohibitive beer laws.

Iowa – Beer > 5% ABV must be shipped through state warehouse, making it difficult to find and all but illegal.

Utah – Beer > 4% ABV can only be sold in state stores. Only 4% ABV or below beer available on tap. Ban on the sales of kegs.

Pennsylvania – Beer is only available through state run distributors or restaurants. Distributors mainly sell cases and kegs, making it difficult to try new and unusual beers. Six packs and 12 packs of beer can be purchased from bars and restaurants to be taken home, but only 194 ounces (or sixteen 12oz bottles) at a time. Pennsylvania is also one of the few states in which you must be 21 to purchase non-alcoholic (0.5% ABV) beer.  Breweries most also register their beer with the state, last week a controversial raid took place in Philadelphia of three bars selling aged beers not registered because the brewery had gone out of business.

Alabama – Beer stronger than 13.9% ABV is not permitted. No bottles larger than 16 ounces.

Florida – No bottles larger than 32 ounces.

Georgia – 14% ABV cap on beer. A recent development, up until five years ago the cap was 6% ABV

Oklahoma – Beer stronger than 4% ABV can on be sold at room temperature. This refrigeration ban has lead to many craft breweries to skip the state. Homebrewing is also still illegal.

Kansas – Until 1987 selling alcohol to be consumed on site, such as at a bar or restaurant was illegal. Today many counties still require bars and restaurants restaurants make 30% of their profits from food to sell alcohol.

Michigan – Beer made at micorbreweries or brewpubs cannot be served on site

New Hampshire - 14% ABV cap on beer.

New York – Beer and liquor cannot be sold at the same store.

North Carolina – 15% ABV cap on beer.

Ohio – 12% ABV cap on beer.

South Carolina – 14% ABV on beer.

West Virginia – 12% ABV cap on beer.

Washington, D.C. – No singles bottle sales permitted.

Although limits as high at 15% ABV may seem permissive enough, it does ban many of the more experimental beers from Belgian brewers and adventuresome craft brewers. Moreover, it confines brewers from exploring uncharted brewing territory. If distilled liquors which are frequently 40-45% ABV are permitted, why limit how strong beer can be? To find out what you can do to help change the beer laws in your state head over to the Brewers Association Beer Activist site.

What do you think of the current beer laws? Have further details what is and isn’t permitted in your state? Let us know in the comments or on Twitter.

How Yeast Affects Beer Flavor

Wednesday, February 24th, 2010

Yeast is a key ingredient in beer. It can account for 70% of a beer’s flavor and without it there’d be no alcohol. With these things in mind we thought it was a good idea to take a closer look at the stuff.

Yeast buds under a microscope

As you may know, yeast is a living microorganism, a fungus. The type used in most brewing and baking goes by the name of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

As we’ve mentioned before, when yeast is introduced to wort (pre-beer) it will eat the sugars for energy and expel CO2 and alcohol as waste products, a process known as anaerobic fermentation. Ale yeast ferments on the top of the beer, while lager yeast usually ferments on the bottom.

However, this is only part of the story of how yeast turns grains and water into beer. In addition to alcohol and CO2, there are other secondary elements which are produced during fermentation and create much of a brew’s flavor. Here’s a quick list of some of the major ones:

Esters – These create fruity flavors, and are frequently found in beers from England and Belgium.

Fusel Alcohols – This is a heavier variation of the standard ethanol alcohol produced during fermentation. They have been linked with hangovers.

Ketones – The most common type of this compound is diacetyl, which gives beer a sweet butter or caramel taste. It’s common in some of the heavier beers of Great Britain, but its tendency to cause stale flavors cause some to regard it as a flaw. Others see it as a benefit, such Samuel Smith Brewery, whose beers all feature strong diacetyls

Phenolics – A type of chemical which can produce spicy notes.

Fatty acids – While these don’t impart a strong flavor on their own, fatty acids can make beer oxidize and grow stale quicker than normal and as a result most brewers try to avoid them

While there is only one main species of yeast used in commercial brewing there are many different varieties, all with different characters and flavors. Most yeast is strained out of beer before it makes it to the bottle as it can produce off flavors. When yeast is allowed in the bottle, as with bottle-conditioned beer it’s still best to avoid pouring it into the glass. That is of course if you’re drinking hefeweizen, or other wheat beers. Consuming the yeast is actually encouraged with style. It all goes to show the tremendous diversity of yeast and beer.

Hop Variety Guide

Thursday, February 18th, 2010

Hops are a key ingredient in beer and as we’ve discussed before, provide much of the spice and flavor that defines many different styles of beer. In our previous article we mentioned that there were a number of varieties of hops grown throughout the world, each having a unique bitterness, flavor and aroma. The bitterness of hops is measured by calculating its alpha acid percentage, a measure of how much bittering chemicals the plant typical carries. The average range is from 2% Alpha Acid (AA) for aroma hops to 15% AA for bittering hops. Here’s a look at some of the most popular varieties of hops.

Cascade – This is by far the most popular variety of hops in America. It’s used in the majority of American made pale ales and IPAs, especially those from the West Coast. It’s noted for its strong aroma of citrus and grapefruit as well as subtle floral elements. One of the reasons for their popularity is the versatility, as it can be used as a bittering, flavoring or aroma hop. Lagunitas IPASierra Nevada and Hop Devil are some popular brews which use Cascade in their brews. 6% AA

Chinook – Another popular American variety. Primarily used as a bittering agent, due to its high alpha acid rating, usually around 12-14% AA. It is similar to Cascade, but not as citrusy. Redhook Copper Hook Spring Ale makes great use of this type.

Fuggles -  Originally British, but has since been grown by American brewers as well. It has a grassy and somewhat cheesy flavor to it. 5% AA.

Hallertau – A earthy, spicy hop from Germany. Mostly used as an aroma hop due to its relativity low AA rating of 4%. Used in a number of Pilsners and other German inspired lagers. Sam Adams Imperial Pilsners uses this extensively

Mt. Hood – This American hop is very floral in both flavor and aroma, and used accordingly as a flavor and aroma hop. 6% AA.

Spalt – German, fresh smelling and a bit grassy, used as a aroma and flavoring hop 5% AA.

Target – From the UK, strongly herbal and floral. Used as a bittering hop in many lagers and lighter ales. 11% AA.

Tettnang – German, floral and spicy. Used mostly as flavoring and aroma. Anderson Valley ESB, Red Hook ESB and Sam Adams Oktoberfest. 4.5% AA

Kent Goldings - Classic British hop. Mild, but very Earthy, or grassy, with notes of blue cheese. It’s used in many English ales including Fuller’s ESB, Samuel Smith Pale Ale and Young’s London Ale. 5% AA

Norther Brewer – From UK, but adapted grown elsewhere now. It has a clean, grassy flavor. Used as a bittering hop in Anchor Steam. 8% AA

Magnum – As the name might suggest, Magnum is extremely strong bittering hop. Like most bittering hops it’s not very well known for its taste, but it does have a lighter, piney quality. 12% AA

Saaz - Fom the Czech Republic. Like many European hops it tends to be clean and spicy rather than the floral and citrusy American hops. It’s primarily used as an aroma hop and can be found in Czech beers such as Pilsner Urquell. 3% AA

Amarillo – Popular flavoring hop from US. Similar to Cascade, but Earthier, and not as citrusy. Used primarily as a bittering and flavoring hop. 9% AA

Centennial – Moderately popular bittering hop. Similar to Cascade, but stronger. Sometimes known as “Super Cascade” . Used in Sierra Nevada Bigfoot Barleywine, and Sierra Nevada Celebration. 10% AA

Simcoe – Popular US bittering hop. Has a spicy, piney aroma. 13%AA.

Introduction to Lambics

Thursday, February 4th, 2010

Even among serious beer drinkers, many don’t know much about lambics. They tend to be hard to find and expensive, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try them. Lambics are a delicious and often forgotten corner of the beer world. Here’s an introduction to this quirky and delicious type of beer.

One of the reasons for lambic’s relative obscurity is the limited number of brewers who can actually make it. Much like real champagne only comes from the Champagne region in France, real lambic is only brewed in the Pajottenland region of Belgium. The name lambic is thought to be derived from a village in the area, “Lembeek.”

The reason for limited area is the unique strains of yeast used in lambics only grow in this region. Instead of the carefully cultivated and preserved strains of yeast that are added to ales and lagers, lambics get their yeast through spontaneous fermentation of wild, natural yeast. The unfermented beer (known as wort) is laid out by the brewer in the open air and wild strains of yeast and bacteria are allowed to naturally find their way into it. Afterwards the lambic is sealed in huge wooden casks, 10 feet tall and over 6 feet wide that can hold almost 11,220 litters of beer each. There it is allowed to ferment and age, usually for over 2 years. Afterwards it will be released and blended in one of several styles.

Gueuze (pronounced GER-ser)

A blend of young, one-year-old lambic and older two or three-year old lambic which then undergoes secondary fermentation in the bottle. These beers tend to be very sour and tart with light and dry mouthfeel, similar to champagne or hard cider. Many find the taste of gueuze to be too overpowering, but it’s really unlike any other beer in the world and has to be tasted to be believed.

Fruit Lambic

This is gueuze which has been blended with fruit juice or brewed with raw fruit. The sweetness of the fruit is used to counterbalance the tart nature of the lambic on its own. Raspberry (framboise), peach (pêche), blackcurrant (cassis), and cherry (kriek) are popular flavors.

Although there are many great “wild ales” brewed in the US and elsewhere which employ some of the bacteria and yeast used in lambics, true lambic has to be from Belgium. When shopping for lambic avoid American attempts at the style like Sam Adams Cranberry Lambic and stick with the imported stuff. Lindemans is probably the biggest producer of lambic. All of their fruit and geuze varieties are worth a try, but their framboise is a personal favorite. Oude Gueuze from Hanssens is probably my favorite gueuze. Cantillon and Boon breweries make some terrific lambics as well.

What do you think of lambic? Next time you try it, let us know by tweeting your beer and adding the #mybeer hashtag.

The Mystery of the Beer Boot

Tuesday, February 2nd, 2010

We’ve covered proper glassware and its importance to fully enjoying beer before. What we didn’t cover is some of the more unusual vessels out there for drinking beer, vessels like the glass boot. The 2006 comedy movie Beerfest brought some attention to this odd drinking cup, but didn’t really explain its history.

The exact origins of the glass boot are unknown, but there are several theories commonly proposed. The first and most popular theory suggests that the glass boot came to be about a hundred years ago. A German general promised his troops that he would drink from a shoe if they won a tough upcoming battle. To his surprise they did, but instead of sipping beer from his actual boot the general had a glass boot made just for him so he could honor his promise without the beer smelling like old socks. After that the practice caught on with soldiers throughout Germany and eventually the rest of the beer drinking world.

There are several other theories that suggest that drinking beer from a leather boot was a test of courage and/or a hazing ritual for men and soldiers dating back anywhere from 500 to 50 years ago. Although we may never know for sure when the boot came to be, the where was probably Germany, where the glass is known as a “bierstiefel.”

Today the boot is popular mostly among younger beer drinkers, especially those in college, who use the boot for various drinking games. Drinking very quickly from a bierstiefel with the toe of the boot pointing down creates a vacuum pocket which will eventually shoot the beer out of the glass. The challenge for these young revelers is to continue finishing the beer without letting the inevitable beer splash slow them down. Although we here at Beeriety don’t support most drinking games, we do support the celebration of ages old beer drinking tradition.

Glass boots come in many different shapes and sizes and are available at some finer beer bars and restaurants. The next time you’re out be sure to ask your server if they have any beer boots for you to try.

Style Profile: Winter Warmer

Thursday, January 21st, 2010

Winter warmer is a traditional style of winter seasonal beers which can trace its origin back many centuries to the wassail beer punch served to holiday carolers in medieval England. Back then, ale was mixed with baked apples, cinnamon, ginger and other spices to create a delicious concoction that would warm you on the coldest winter nights. You can still make this wonderful beer cocktail yourself: check our article on the topic for more info and a recipe. Eventually, brewers began crafting beer that mimicked wassail style and flavor – brews that are sweet and malty with strong fruit and spice flavors. Traditionally, winter warmers have a medium body that’s extremely viscous. They are very sweet with little hop bitterness to them. They tend to be quite strong in alcohol, around 7 to 9%, which can be great on a frigid evening or anytime you want to relax.

Now there are many brewers who will make any ol’ beer they feel like and slap ‘winter warmer’ on the label. These beers can be great in their own way, but they can’t really be compared to more traditional winter warmers. Sam Adams Ol’ Fezziwig, which is only available in their holiday 12-packs, is probably the best American version of a true winter warmer. Across the Atlantic, Samuel Smith makes a great version known as “Winter Welcome” that’s worth a try. Avery’s Old Jubilation is also worth seeking out.  There are plenty of other great winter warmers out there, too.

What’s your favorite winter beer? Next time you try it let us know by tweeting your beer and adding the #mybeer hashtag.

How To: Hold A Beer Tasting

Monday, January 18th, 2010

A beer tasting is a simple and fun way to enjoy beer with friends. It can be a great way to introduce someone to the world of craft beer or to try some new brews with experienced beer drinkers. All you need is some beer and some friends. Here are the five steps to host the best beer tasting you’ve ever had:

1. Choose the Right Beers

A haphazard selection of beers for your tasting could result in clashing flavors that can obscure the way some beers taste. To avoid this try to pick a theme for your beer tasting that will showcase common flavors and brewing approaches, allowing you to pick up on the subtler aspects of a beer or beer style. Sticking to one style such as IPAs or one region, such a Belgium, is an easy way to do this.

2. Serve at the Right Temperature

Beer ads in America would have you believe that beer should be served at or right above freezing. Don’t listen to such advice, it’s just plain wrong. Serving beer that cold keeps you from actually tasting the beer. The coldness numbs your tongue and mutes the flavor in the beer. Instead, let your beer sit on the counter for a few minutes after you take it out of the fridge. Ideally you want beer to be at 50-60 degrees Fahrenheit when it’s served. The more alcoholic it is, the warmer it should be. Check out our article on proper beer temperature for more detailed information on the topic.

3. Choose the Right Glasses

Proper glassware is extremely important for getting the most out of a beer. Different styles taste best with different glassware. Check out our article on glassware for more details. Of course if you having a large tasting party and don’t have enough glassware to go around, feel free to make due with what you have.

4. Cleanse the Pallet

It’s a good idea to have some water on hand to clean your mouth and tongue between beers. You don’t want to have the lingering taste of one beer to affect how another tastes. Along the same lines you should try to order your beers from lightest to strongest in flavor. Try the beers with lighter, more delicate flavors such as pilsners and wits earlier on, so a more intense beer like a barleywine doesn’t wear out your taste buds. Be sure not to make the mistake of confusing color for flavor. Darker beers are not always stronger than lighter beers. If you’re planning on tasting several beers of the same style, organize them by alcohol strength. Check the label for style and alcoholic content information.

5. Enjoy and Discuss

Taste each beer properly, noting the color, aroma, mouth feel and taste. Check out our 5 Step Guide To Tasting Beer for more information. Once you’ve tried the beer discuss with your friends what you thought of each one and how it compares to others in the tasting. A good way to start a discussion is by naming the foods and flavors a beer reminds you of. Coffee, chocolate and fruit are all commonly found in the flavor of beer. Don’t be intimidated if you don’t have much experience with craft beer. If you don’t like the way a beer tastes, don’t let a ‘beer snob’ tell you you’re wrong. Taste is a matter of opinion, so voice yours.

Alcohol’s effect on the brain.

Thursday, January 14th, 2010

Anyone serious about craft beer should know that great beer should be enjoyed responsibly. Many of the most interesting and unusual beers out there frequently carry with them high alcohol percentages, some as high as 13 or 14%. Beer this strong can have a powerful effect on anyone. Today, we’re going to take a look at how alcohol affects the brain.

There are basically four stages of intoxication-

1st Stage – The first part of the brain alcohol hits is your cerebral cortex, making you more talkative and less inhibited. Because the cerebral cortex controls conscious thought, language and social interaction, these aspects of our personality begin to run less efficiently under the influence of alcohol.

2nd Stage – After the cerebral cortex, alcohol begins to affect the hippocampus, resulting in memory loss and exaggerated emotions. This is the part of the evening when you begin having trouble with balance and start telling everyone “I love you, man!” Due to the importance of the hippocampus in long-term memory retention, this is also when memory starts to get a little fuzzy.

3rd Stage – Next up on alcohol’s hit list is the  cerebellum, which seriously impairs your coordination and balance. This is not a pretty sight. The typical person usually has so much trouble keeping their balance at this point that they can no longer stand up. Nausea and vomiting frequently occur during this stage. Scientists believe that these symptoms stem from increased levels of acetaldehyde present in the body, a by product of metabolizing alcohol.

4th Stage – Finally alcohol makes it way to your medulla, frequently resulting in disruptions of automatic functions, like heart rate & breathing. This is serious and immediate medical attention should be sought. Usually a person is passed out at this point, and alcohol poisoning is a high risk.

As soon as you consume alcohol, your body begins breaking it down. Your liver metabolizes around 90% of the alcohol you consume. The remaining 10% is actually excreted through urine and breath, albeit at a much slower rate. The average liver can metabolize about 1 drink per hour. If you consume more than that, the liver can’t break the alcohol down fast enough, and you begin to get drunk.

Having some food with your beer can slow down the consumption rate, causing you to get less drunk, but it’s no excuse to drink excessively. Great beer should be enjoyed for its taste and merit, not as a way to get drunk. If you have concerns about your alcohol consumption or that of someone you know, the best idea is to consult a medical professional.

Make Your Beer Drinking More Eco-Friendly

Thursday, January 7th, 2010

Eco-friendly beer consumption

It’s often the littlest steps that can have the biggest impacts. Today we’re going to take a few simple ways beer drinkers can make their beer habits more environmentally conscious.

Drink Local

The environmental impact is just one of the many reasons you should support your local brewery. By enjoying beer produced by local breweries, you help avoid the massive carbon footprint associated with shipping beer around the world. We all love a nice Trappist ale imported all the way from a Belgian monastery, but the cost, both to your pocketbook and the environment can be high. Beyond that, supporting local craft beer is a great way to ensure your area will develop a craft beer scene with better beer bars, stores and brewpubs.

Drink Canned Beer

Cans of beer have long been associated with the cheap, watery lager produced by major breweries like Molson, Coors and Anheuser-Busch. In recent years, however, a number of craft brewers have begun to challenge this notion that only bad beer comes in cans. This is great for consumers and the planet. Canning is one of biggest steps brewers can take towards helping the environment.

Cans weigh much less than glass bottles and stack more easily, meaning they can be shipped more efficiently and cheaply, greatly reducing the carbon foot print associated with distribution. Although it can’t be washed out and reused like some glass bottles, aluminum is much cheaper to produce and easier to recycle than glass.

Besides its higher initial costs, craft brewers have stayed away from cans because cans had a reputation for imparting a metallic taste to the beer. Thanks to new methods of coating and insulating cans,  flavors are now perfectly preserved in them. Exposing the beer to sunlight and the possibility of a beer getting ‘skunked’ are also largely avoided.

Some great craft beer in cans includes Fat Tire from New Belgium, Old Chub from Oskar Blues and Porkslap Ale from Butternuts Beer and Ale.

Drink Draft and Growlers

Less packaging means less waste. This simple principle helps reduce the amount of garbage humans produce. By buying in bulk, you can greatly reduce the amount of bottles and cans you end up throwing away. To do your part, drink draft beer when you have the opportunity. If, like most of us, you don’t have a draft system in your house, buy growlers to bring home. These are large 64oz. glass bottles with re-sealable tops available from many craft brewers that use less glass and packaging than a six pack.

Drink Organic

Beer made with organic ingredients has long been very difficult to produce as hops are a plant especially susceptible to insects and other pests. The insecticide and other industrial chemicals used to ward off bugs are strictly prohibited by organic farming guidelines. Despite these difficulties, there are some brewers who have produced organic beer for years. Wolaver’s, from Otter Creek brewery in Vermont, produces some fine organic brews. New Belgium also makes several organic brews. Across the pond in the UK, Samuel Smith makes several amazing organic brews.

We may see more organic brews in the future as the standards for what’s considered organic beer have recently changed. In 2007, Anheuser-Busch successfully lobbied the US department of Agriculture to make an exception for hops, meaning they can now use conventionally grown hops in their Stone Mill organic pale ale.

Above all else the easiest way to contribute to more eco-friendly drinking is to adopt a recycling routine. Some states with a return policy for can and bottles that you can later use for a future beer fund. How do you keep your beer drinking eco-friendly?

Pairing Beer with Christmas Dinner

Thursday, December 17th, 2009

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For many, Christmas dinner is one of most anticipated meals of the year. Full of good food and good company, this meal can be the highlight of the winter. Although wine is the beverage most often served with this meal, beer pairs well with many of the most common items on a Christmas menu.

When enjoying beer with a meal, there are some basic guidelines you should keep in mind. First, try and match the intensity of flavors. A big bold beer like an IPA or a barleywine will overshadow light flavors. Instead, try to keep your beers roughly as flavorful as the food you’re enjoying. It’s also a good idea to progress toward heavier, more intense beers as the meal progresses and not the other way around. A more delicate beer like a wit bier could seem off if you have it following an intense brew like a stout. The different food courses work the same way; this is why you begin a meal with lighter fare like salad and finish it with rich desserts like chocolate. For a more detailed primer on the art of pairing food and beer, take a look at our pairing guide.

For the Whole Meal - Biere de Garde – This rare French style is smooth and slightly buttery. It’s seen a recent resurgence from American craft brewers like The Lost Abbey and Jolly Pumpkin with their Avant Garde and Oro De Calabaza beers. 3 Monts from Brasserie De Saint-Sylvestre is the classic French version.

Poultry – Oktoberfest (Paulaner), Biere de Garde (3 Monts), Bock (Anchor Bock).

Red meat – ESB/English Bitter (Fullers).

Pork – Belgian Wit (Hoegaarden), Saison (Foret).

Sweet potato – Brown Ale (Newcastle), Pumpkin Beer (Dogfish Head Punkin).

Potatoes – Belgian Tripel (Chimay), Cream Ale (Sam Adams).

Stuffing – Rye Ale (Founder’s Red Rye).

Pie – Dunkelweiss (Weihenstephaner Dunkel), Dopplebock (Ayinger), Cream Ale (Sam Adams).

Green beans/veggies – Pale Ale (Sam Smith).

Cranberry sauce – Lambic (Lindemans Framboise).

Dessert – Christmas beers (Anchor Christmas, Affligem Noel) – We’ll have more on this style Monday.

What are your favorite beers to pair with food? Let us know in the comments or by tweeting your beer next time you enjoy it and adding the #mybeer hashtag.

Cheers and Merry Christmas!


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